Christo And Jean Claude Cultural Studies Essay

Christo And Jean Claude Cultural Studies Essay Christo and Jeanne-Claude have many interesting pieces of work ranging from their first Documenta 4 to The Gates. I will be covering some of their major works; such as, Wrapped Coast, Valley Curtain, Running Fence, Surrounded Islands, Reichstag, and The Gates. I have always enjoyed big installations because the work has always astounded me; the sheer size of the pieces is amazing. Close to the end of 1969, Christo and Jeanne-Claude wrapped the coast of Little Bay, in Sydney, Australia, as a part of the Alcorso-Sekers Travelling Scholarship. With the support of the John Kaldor, this was their first trip to Australia for international artists, and the first in the series of Kaldor Public Art Projects. One hundred workers and eleven volunteers devoted over seventeen thousand work hours to make this project a reality. They wrapped two and a half kilometers of coast and cliffs up to twenty-six meters high. Ninety-five thousand six hundred m^2 of synthetic fabric and 56 km of rope was required to finish this astounding project. At the time, it was the single largest piece of art ever made. This project was bigger than Mount Rushmore, and it visitors took over an hour to walk from one end of the piece to the other. Reactions were largely positive and had a very large impact on Australian art. The Valley Curtain art project was started with preparations at the end of the 1970s. This project was a four hundred meter long cloth stretched across Rifle Gap. Rifle Gap is a valley in the Rocky Mountains near Rifle, Colorado. It required about fourteen thousand m^2 of cloth to be hung on four steel cables, fastened with iron, and fixed in concrete on the slopes and two hundred tons of concrete. This project cost over $400,000. Trying to finance this huge piece was an additional problem, and it caused them to sell some of their other works to raise the money. On October 10, 1971, the curtain was ready for hanging. Unfortunately, the curtain had been torn to pieces by the wind beating it against the rocks. On August 10th of the next year, the second attempt to hang the cloth was a success. Unfortunately, only a day later, it was destroyed by a storm with winds reaching speeds in excess of sixty miles per hour. The Running Fence was completed on September 10, 1976. The workers waited fourteen days, but then they removed everything, leaving not a trace. This piece consisted of a fence almost twenty-five miles long, extending across the hills of Sonoma and Marin counties in northern California. This fence was eighteen feet high and was composed of two thousand and fifty panels of white nylon fabric hung from steel cables by the means of three hundred fifty thousand hooks. Supporting these hooks where about two thousand steel poles stuck into the ground and being braced by steel guide wires that were anchored to the ground. This piece began near U.S. Highway 101 and crossed fourteen roads, the private properties of fifty-nine ranchers to reach the Bodega Bay of the Pacific Ocean. The environmental impact report that was required for this gigantic piece was an astounding four hundred and fifty pages long. This piece is said to have been partly inspired by fences demarcating the Continental Divi de in Colorado. In 1978, a documentary film Running Fence by Albert and David Maysles, told the story of this piece. This film includes scenes showing the local response to the project, which ranged from active protest and resentment to excitement. Byron Randall, the expressionist painter, protested the piece on the grounds of both land infringement and lack of artistic merit; however, others appreciated the beauty of the work, and in the end the project was completed. This piece is commemorated by historic markers at Watson School near Bodega, California, and State Route 1 in Valley Ford, California. In December 1976, the country landmarks commission, county of Sonoma designated the Valley Ford site as Historic landmark number twenty-four. Jeanne-Claudes idea to surround eleven islands in Miamis Biscayne Bay was completed on May 4, 1983. It was completed with the aid of four hundred and thirty workers, and was there for two whole weeks. About six hundred thousand m^2 of pink polypropylene floating fabric surrounded the eleven islands was definitely a site to behold. Surrounded Islands covered over 7 miles, and for two weeks, it was seen and enjoyed by the public, from the causeways, the land, water, and air. The bright pink color of the shiny fabric was in tune with the tropical vegetation of the uninhabited verdant island, the light of the Miami sky, and colors of the shallow waters of Biscayne Bay. As with Christo and Jeanne-Claudes previous art projects, Surrounded Islands was entirely financed by the artists through the sale by C.V.J. Corporation of the preparatory pastel and charcoal drawings, collages, lithographs, and early works. On May 4, 1983, out of a total work force of four hundred and thirty people, the u nfurling crew began to blossom the pink fabric. Surrounded Islands was tended to day and night by one hundred and twenty monitors in inflatable boats. Surrounded Islands was a work of art that underlined the various elements and ways in which the people of Miami live between land and water. The project known as Reichstag is easily one of the biggest endeavors Christo and Jeanne-Clade has accomplished, and in my opinion, it is also one of the best. With the support of the President of the Parliament, Rita Sussmuth, Christo and Jeanne-Claude worked to convince the elected Members of Parliament. They went from office to office, writing explanatory letters to each of the six hundred and sixty-two delegates, and innumerable telephone calls and negotiations. On February 25, 1995, after a seventy minute debate at the Parliament, and a Roll Call vote, the Bundestag allowed the project to go ahead. The Bonn government was so enthusiastic about the artwork that Christo and Jeanne-Claude were asked to extend the project. However, since all of their art projects are temporary, this was not possible. The building was unwrapped again on July 7 as planned. Christo explained during a training session for the monitors, Temporary because it challenges our notion of art to challenge the i mmortality of art. We make art not out of gold, silver or marble and think it would stay forever. Non-permanent art will be missedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Also, the artwork cannot stay because it expresses freedom, poetic freedom all projects are about freedom. This project cannot be bought or sold, nobody can charge, can sell tickets. Freedom is the enemy of possession (Hammerstingl). The Wrapper began on June 17, 1995, and it was finished on the 24th. The spectacle was seen by five million visitors before the unveiling began on July 7th. Two times more material was used than was needed, which allowed deep vertical pleats that cascaded down. Because there is always some wind around the Reichstag, the wind was playing with the pleats of the fabric, causing a quiet movement. The color of the fabric and the many deep vertical pleats created a dramatic contrast between light and shadow. This shape transformed the building into a new form. The wrapping of the Reichstag was like building a building, says Christo (Hammerstingl). At a press conference, a reporter from a Jerusalem newspaper asked the artists if they would wrap the Knesset, The Reichstag is the third and last building we wrapped. We have too many other projects to do. We cannot always wrap buildings. Otherwise we would be called the wrappers, Jeanne-Claude answered (Hammerstingl). This project cost $13,000, 000, everything financed by the artists themselves through selling their drawings, collages, and scale models of their projects. All projects are inspired through personal ideas that give the freedom of the work. Freedom, because when it comes down to it, does not have to be justified explains Christo. (Hammerstingl). The last project we will be discussing is The Gates. On January 3, 2005, work began on the installation of The Gates in Central Park in New York City. The official title of the piece is The Gates, Central Park, New York, 1979-2005. The title references the time that passed from their initial proposal until they were able to go ahead with it. Only with the permission of the new mayor of New York, Michael R. Bloomberg, were they able to proceed. It was open to the public only from February 12th until February 27th 2005. Seven thousand five hundred and three gates made of saffron color fabric were placed on paths in Central Park. It was five meters high and had a combined length of 37 km. Bloomberg, a fan of Christo and Jeanne-Claude, presented them with the Doris C. Freedman Award for Public Art for The Gates. They often expressed satisfaction that their concept for their home town of over thirty years was finally realized. An article covering this piece states, The cost of the project was $21 million US dollars which was raised entirely by Christo and Jeanne-Claude selling studies, drawings,  collages, works from the 1950s and 1960s. They do not accept any sponsorship, nor did the city of New York have to provide any money for the project. Christo and Jeanne-Claude donated all the money raised from the sale of souvenirs such as postcards, t-shirts and posters to Nurture New Yorks Nature, Inc. While the engineering, manufacturing and set-up took over a year, about 750 paid employees erected the project in five days and then deployed the fabric of all the gates in half an hour. Around 600 more (Gate-keepers) distributed 1 million free samples of the fabric to visitors. The uniformed Gate-keepers also provided information to visitors about the project, and were responsible for unrolling the gates that had rolled over their crossbars in the high wind.   More workers uninstalled the project in one week, leaving almost no trace and shipping all the materials for r ecycling (Wikipedia). From the pictures with the snow and the vivid color of the gates are a very good contrast of color and the way they seem to jump out against the snow. The pictures arent a great representation of the work, but since their art is temporary, it is the best we can do without being in that certain time and place. This piece is simple in its design, difficult in its realization, and astounding. A little about the artists, Christo and Jeanne-Claude met in October 1958, when he was commissioned to paint a portrait of her mother, Precilda de Guillebon. They had a son together who was born May 11, 1960. Jeanne-Claudes parents were displeased with their relationship, particularly because of Christos refugee status, so they temporarily estranged themselves from their daughter. In 1964, they moved to New York City, poor and lacking fluency in the English language, Christo displayed his work in several galleries, including the well-known Castelli Gallery in New York, and gallery Schmela in Dusseldorf, Germany. Christo Began to create Store Fronts, which he built to scale. The sale of the Store Fronts helped finance larger projects. They have won many, many awards for their art. In 1973, they were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary. In 2004, they won an Achievement in Contemporary Sculpture Award, International Sculpture Center, from Hamilton, New Jersey. In 2005, they were awarded the Doris C. Freedman Award for Public Art by New Yorks mayor. In 2006, they were awarded the Best Project in a Public Space for The Gates, Central Park, New York, 1979-2005. In 2008, they were awarded honorary degrees from Franklin Marshall College. Finally, in 2011, they were awarded more honorary degrees from Occidental College. In closing, Christo and Jeanne-Claude are some of my favorite artists. They have amazing vision for what they want to do in each of their pieces. They dont stop trying for something; for example, The Gates which took 30 years to finally finish. They are, to me, some of the best installation and temporary artists. Their technics may be simple, but it is amazing. They are so popular that in 1978, Charles M. Schulz drew an episode of the show Peanuts where Snoopys doghouse is wrapped in fabric by Christo. In response, Christo constructed a wrapped doghouse and presented it to the Charles M. Schulz Museum in 2003. You cant say enough about what they do, or their drive to do accomplish it. Most people would have given up on their many projects, but they completing them only because of their tenacity and drive to get what they needed done. Theres something to be learned from these two; such as, no matter the odds, or what is put against you, if you never give up, you can and will succeed. Also, staying with the person you love can lead to a tough but fulfilling life. Christo and Jeanne-Claude are one of, maybe even the best, temporary installation types of artists. Work Cited Paul F. Fabozzi. Artists, Critics, Context: Readings in and Around American Art since 1945. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 2002. Werner Hammerstingl. Installation Art. www.Olinda.com. 1998. http://www.olinda.com/ArtAndIdeas/lectures/christo.htm. Wikipedia. Christo and Jeanne-Claude www.wikipedia.com. Dec. 3, 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christo_and_Jeanne-Claude

Essay --

Cyber Warriors: The future of warfare can be found at a military complex outside of Washington D.C., in a 358$ million office building that houses some of the worlds most powerful computers. This is the headquarters of Cyber Command, a new arm of the pentagon that wages combat not with missiles or bombs but with electronic signals that plant viruses, steal data and seize control of faraway hardrives. Run by a four-star general and soon to have a staff of thousands, Cyber Command is the nerve center that controls America’s battles against the hackers, terrorists and hostile governments who are already prying into sensitive U.S. systems. It will also be the launching pad for controversial new plans that use computers as offensive weapons against America’s Global Enemies. The U.S. has been furiously working to develop a wide range of new cyber strategies. And it is why Cyber Command, which opened its doors only in 2010, is booming at a time when almost every part of the military is suffering through deep budget cuts. President Obama’s last funding request sought a nearly 20% incr...

Integrating Students with Exceptionalities Essay -- Education

The delivery of education for students with exceptionalities has evolved from complete segregation to the provision of education within regular classes (Andrews & Lupart, 2000). Integration will be successful if the necessary supports and services are in place within the education system. Regrettably, the public special education system currently in use in Ontario is not meeting the needs of integrating students with exceptionalities in regular class settings. Even now, many educators believe that segregation of students with disabilities is justified and not prejudiced (Valeo, 2009). To abolish segregation from the Ontario public school system there is a definite need for strategies. Although there are challenges, there are numerous methods to promote inclusion through integration of exceptional students to include them in standard curriculum classrooms. One of the challenges that Ontario school professionals face is the amalgamation of regular and special education. This integrated system values, supports individual differences, and works in response to the various strengths, challenges, and experiences of all students. (Andrews & Lupart, 2000). The most debated issue for school professionals and advocates is whether a unified system provides students with better opportunities to learn. The reason for this debate is that school professional question if this type of system will diminish options for exceptional students to receive the individually adapted instruction them (Boscardin, 2005). The goal of inclusion through integration is to make available instructional strategies that effectively produce acceptable educational results for exceptional students, and can be implemented in a manner promoting inclusion. Educators must a... .... (2000). The Inclusive Classroom: Educating Exceptional Children. Scarborough: Nelson Thomson Learning. Boscardin, M. L. (2005). The administrative role in transforming secondary schools to support inclusive evedence based practices (Vol. 33). American Secondary Education. Dixon, S. (2005). Inclusion - Not Segregation or Integration Is Where a Student with Special Needs Belonds. The Journal of Educational Thought, 33-53. Harpell, J. V., & Andrews, J. (2010). Administrative Leadership in the Age of Inclusion: Promoting Best Practices and Teacher Empowerment. The Journal of Educational Thought, 189-210. Tomlinson, C. (2001). How to differentiate instruction in mixed ability classrooms . Alexandria: Association for Supervision and Curriculum. Valeo, A. (2009). Education’s enduring prejudices: disability at the door. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

illegal :: essays research papers

Insider Trading "Insider trading" is a term that most investors have heard and usually associate with illegal conduct. But the term actually includes both legal and illegal conduct. The legal version is when corporate insiders—officers, directors, and employees—buy and sell stock in their own companies. When corporate insiders trade in their own securities, they must report their trades to the SEC. For more information about this type of insider trading and the reports insiders must file, please read "Forms 3, 4, 5" in our Fast Answers databank. Illegal insider trading refers generally to buying or selling a security, in breach of a fiduciary duty or other relationship of trust and confidence, while in possession of material, nonpublic information about the security. Insider trading violations may also include "tipping" such information, securities trading by the person "tipped," and securities trading by those who misappropriate such information. Examples of insider trading cases that have been brought by the SEC are cases against: Corporate officers, directors, and employees who traded the corporation's securities after learning of significant, confidential corporate developments; Friends, business associates, family members, and other "tippees" of such officers, directors, and employees, who traded the securities after receiving such information; Employees of law, banking, brokerage and printing firms who were given such information to provide services to the corporation whose securities they traded; Government employees who learned of such information because of their employment by the government; and Other persons who misappropriated, and took advantage of, confidential information from their employers. Because insider trading undermines investor confidence in the fairness and integrity of the securities markets, the SEC has treated the detection and prosecution of insider trading violations as one of its enforcement priorities. The SEC adopted new Rules 10b5-1 and 10b5-2 to resolve two insider trading issues where the courts have disagreed. Rule 10b5-1 provides that a person trades on the basis of material nonpublic information if a trader is "aware" of the material nonpublic information when making the purchase or sale. The rule also sets forth several affirmative defenses or exceptions to liability. The rule

Comparing Nineteen Eighty-Four and Utopia Essay -- compare and contrast

Parallels in Nineteen Eighty-Four and Utopia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Literature is a mirror of life. In order to reflect their views on the problems in society, many authors of fiction, including Sir Thomas More of Utopia and George Orwell of Nineteen Eighty-Four, use parallels in character, setting, government, and society to link their works to the real world. Characters are the appendages of a literary work, without well rounded characters, a novel is not complete. In many situations, authors use certain distinguishing features of a well known figure in society to shape the character in their works. These realistic characters are the work's link to the outside world.   In the book Utopia, Thomas More presents himself as a character - the opposition to Raphael Hythloday's recollections. Hythloday (whose name is derived from the Greek huthlos, meaning nonsense) is a world traveller who has sailed with Amerigo Vespucci, a famous captain at the turn of the sixteenth century. By using several real-life characters, More links his work to the world around him. In the novel 1984, the supreme leader of the "Ingsoc" party, "Big Brother", is "a man of about forty-five, with a heavy black moustache and ruggedly handsome features" (Orwell 5), whom in governing position, political power, and physical features, resembles the once feared Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Another omnipresent character in the novel, Emmanuel Goldstein, is said to be a traitor to Ingsoc, a conspirator to the Party he originated. Goldstein has "a lean Jewish face, with a great fuzzy aureole of white hair and a small goatee beard - a clever face ... with a kind of senile silliness in the long thin nose..." (Orwell 16). The image of Goldstein resembles that of Leon ... ...piece. Works Cited Brown, and Oldsey. ed. Critical Essays on George Orwell. Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1986. Fox, Alistair. Thomas More, History and Providence. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983. Marius, Richard. "Utopia as Mirror for a Life and Times." 1995. http://www.humanities.ualberta.ca/emls/iemls/conf/texts/marius.html (14 Oct. 1998). More, Thomas. Utopia. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1975. Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. London: Secker & Warburg, 1965. Singh, Paras Mani. George Orwell as a Political Novelist. Delhi: Amar Prakashan, 1987. Works Consulted Crick, Bernard. George Orwell, A Life. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1980. Jones, Judith P. Thomas More. Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1979. Meyers, Jeffrey. ed. George Orwell, The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975.

Breastfeeding and the Sexual Objectification of Women Essay -- Feminis

Breastfeeding and the Sexual Objectification of Women      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The sexual objectification of women is detrimental not only to women, but also to their children and even the environment. This objectification may prevent women from breastfeeding.      Breastfeeding is extremely beneficial to both mother and baby and the environment as well. Breastfed children are less likely to have ear infections, allergies, vomiting, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, chronic digestive disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, bacterial meningitis, research also indicates that breastfeeding may help protect against Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), women who were breastfed as infants have a lower rate of breast cancer, and breastfeeding helps promote bonding between mother and child. Breastfeeding has also been related to possible enhancement of babies' cognitive development. It's good for the mother because it burns more calories; it increases levels of oxytocin, resulting in less postpartum bleeding; it builds bone strength; it helps the uterus return to its regular size more quickly; and it reduces the risk of ovarian and breast cancer. The environment benefits because whereas there is waste generated from formula packaging and b ottle inserts, there is no such waste with breastfeeding. There's also the use of water and fuel to heat the bottles as well. (Dermer and Montgomery). Businesses benefit when their workers breastfeed as well. Aetna Inc. found that parents of breastfed babies missed fewer workdays and saved a total of $2,500 per newborn in the first year alone. CIGNA established a program for nursing mothers. They found that that saved them $240,000 a year in health care and $60,000 in reduced absenteeism. (Redbook, ... ...Gift of Extended Breatfeeding."   Nurturing Magazine. Corbin, Michael. "The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore. House Upholds Limits on Public Nursing". Baltimore City   Paper Online. March 21 - March 27, 2001 Davis, Marie. "Breastfeeding."  Ã‚   http://getattached.com/winter99/breastfeeding.htm1 1999 Dermer, Alice, and Anne Montgomery. Breastfeeding: Good For Babies, Mothers, And The Planet. Dermer, Alice. "If Breastfeeding is So Good, Why Aren't More Women Doing It?"   Medical Reporter. Dettwyler, Katherine A. "Breasts" October 30, 1995. La Leche League. "Toddler Tips: Criticism from Relatives" 2000. Leonard, Sue.   "Jealous men banish breastfeeding"   The Times November 12, 2000. McKenna, Kate.   "Moms at Work;:   The New Discrimination" Redbook   January 2001. 100-104 Stork.net. Breastfeeding Cubby: "Breastfeeding in Public"   

Impact of the Telephone Essay

If you didn’t have the telephone then how would you contact people? You wouldn’t be able to easily. If you wanted to talk to people you would have to go to their house, meet them somewhere, or write to them. That would be difficult. The world’s communication has been upgraded by the telephone. The telephone had a large impact, it made business more efficient and it saved money from having to travel back and forth from far places, and it made transactions able to occur more quickly. It led to instant communications around the world and even led to the Internet. The telephone also opened up many new job opportunities by starting new companies and building and making more telephones for the rest of the country and world. (www.learnnc.org) Before the invention of telephones, mail was a large part of life. This was mainly because it was the only way of communication. Telephones are a huge part of today’s life. As telephones became more and more advanced they also became more and more popular. Now it is the most common way of communication. (www.slideshare.net) Our modern day telephone system has made our communication system more unified. Telephone has bridged the gap of long distance communication. This expansion of the telephone can never be stopped long as the telephone business continues to build for the future. No single year in the fifty of telephone history has recorded a shrinkage in telephone use. Telephones in the United States have multiplied from Bell’s one telephone t to more than 17,000,000, or one to every seven persons in the United States and the average number of telephone conversations daily has risen from less than 8,000,000 in 1900 to 70,000,000 in 1926. (www.learnnc.org) There is no overacting, the public demand for telephone service increases with every extension and improvement of that service. Apparently, the telephone industry is destined to grow as long as the United States grows. Certainly it will continue to grow as long as individuals and groups through improved communications find it possible to increase production and sales, leisure and wages, profits and the pleasantries of life. Before the invention of the telephone, messages were sent mainly via messenger and mail. Due to the great distances being travelled to deliver  messages, only important messages were being sent. Alot of the jobs that are existent today were non-existent during the phone-less decades. For example, the telecommunications industry and the eCommerce industry were not in existence during these times. If a person needed information about goods or services being offered in the community they would ask a friend or relative, or they would get on their horses and wagons and travel down to the local business and inquire for themselves. Before the invention of the telephone, people would rarely immigrate to other places for the fear of not being able to communicate with their family and friends. Communities had more of a social setting than they do now. Strangers would communicate with each other and friends would gather to discuss the latest gossip and enjoy each others company. In current technological times, we are no longer interested in socialising with the people around us, not even our neighbors. People were more aware of their surroundings and they appreciated it more than the modern day technological society that we live in. Traditions were held up and culture expanded. How do smart phones affect in our daily lives?Research has found that smart phones satisfy all social communication needs. this lead to addiction, lack of concentration and even lack of sleep. Smart phones have a huge negative effect in the workplace, because workers can not meet their deadline. The aim of this research was to find out if it is worthy getting a smartphone? and how is it going to benefit the person buying it? Smart Phones are highly advanced and are good in multitasking, but they changing our lives in a negative way. people do not communicate as much orally and become antisocial. Students do not concentrate in class. People become addicted to the phone and dependable. These are the effects that smart phones have on us.In conclusion: as good as smart phones are the negative effects are out weighing the positives. It is hard to say whether the invention of the telephone was a good thing or a bad thing for our society. Some might argue both sides. When attacking this issue there are a lot of different facts a person has to look at before they can decide. Some of the advantages of this technology are: In the event of an emergency, the proper authority can be contacted, we can now  communicate with our family whenever we wish (this promotes strong family ties),and businesses can now spread their services throughout the world. Some disadvantages that the invention of this technology had brought about are: Loss of traditional culture, increased health problems due to radiation, lack of privacy, and increased disturbances and lack of awareness of our surroundings. Although, there is some good and some not so good effects to this invention, it is hard for me as a person of this generation to be able to imagine a picture of a world without telephones. We know that it is the most important technologi cal invention because of the length of time it has been utilized and the rate in which its use continues to grow throughout the world. I believe that it has created a more controlled environment and should continue to be utilized for years to come. Works Cited â€Å"1.5 The Impact of the Telephone.† The Impact of the Telephone. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. . â€Å"Smartphone’s and Their Effect in Society.† Smartphone’s and Their Effect in Society. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. . â€Å"The Telephone’s Impact on America – The Telephone; Impact on America!† The Telephone; Impact on America! Web. 13 Mar. 2014. . â€Å"Thoughts of An Aspiring Journalist.† Thoughts of An Aspiring Journalist. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. .