Free Essays on Reasonable Doubt

â€Å"GOT A PROBLEM DOWN HERE.† That is what headquarters heard on November 7th, 1983 as the Bloomington, Illinois police officers began arriving on the scene of 313 Carl Drive, the home of David Hendricks, his wife Susan, and their three children Rebekah, Grace and Benjamin. The home turns out to be a horrific crime scene where the entire family is brutally murdered except for David Hendricks who was away on a business trip or was he? Medical facts played a huge role in the trial. A psychologist was hired to help chose the jury. One of the largest issues raised was on the emptying of gastric contents after a meal and what factors might affect it such as: pyloric stenosis, osmolarity, exercise, whether the food was bolted like children sometimes do, migraines, fainting and brain tumors. Forensic pathologist testified on such issues as: rigor mortis, livor mortis, chemical changes in the eyes, and when digestion stops after death. Autopsy’s details were discussed including descriptions of lacerations, skull injuries, blood loss, brain hemorrhage and vertebrae injuries. I would not have wanted to be a jury member for this trial, after reading the entire book I can’t even begin to decide what happened that terrible night. He was believed by his neighbors to be an outstanding member of the community, extremely religious, and a devoted husband and father. He also had another side that showed some sexual perversions and some illegal business deals. David Hendricks, the defendant on trial is eventually convicted of this crime but even the judge goes on record to say, â€Å"he was not convinced in his heart beyond a reasonable doubt of the defendant’s guilt†.... Free Essays on Reasonable Doubt Free Essays on Reasonable Doubt â€Å"GOT A PROBLEM DOWN HERE.† That is what headquarters heard on November 7th, 1983 as the Bloomington, Illinois police officers began arriving on the scene of 313 Carl Drive, the home of David Hendricks, his wife Susan, and their three children Rebekah, Grace and Benjamin. The home turns out to be a horrific crime scene where the entire family is brutally murdered except for David Hendricks who was away on a business trip or was he? Medical facts played a huge role in the trial. A psychologist was hired to help chose the jury. One of the largest issues raised was on the emptying of gastric contents after a meal and what factors might affect it such as: pyloric stenosis, osmolarity, exercise, whether the food was bolted like children sometimes do, migraines, fainting and brain tumors. Forensic pathologist testified on such issues as: rigor mortis, livor mortis, chemical changes in the eyes, and when digestion stops after death. Autopsy’s details were discussed including descriptions of lacerations, skull injuries, blood loss, brain hemorrhage and vertebrae injuries. I would not have wanted to be a jury member for this trial, after reading the entire book I can’t even begin to decide what happened that terrible night. He was believed by his neighbors to be an outstanding member of the community, extremely religious, and a devoted husband and father. He also had another side that showed some sexual perversions and some illegal business deals. David Hendricks, the defendant on trial is eventually convicted of this crime but even the judge goes on record to say, â€Å"he was not convinced in his heart beyond a reasonable doubt of the defendant’s guilt†....

Foundation of business thoughts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foundation of business thoughts - Assignment Example The second time he implied to show the selfishness of the rich people as they pursue their interest. Thirdly, time he was trying to show how the rich tries to support the interest of the public so that they can increase security of their wealth (Boardman, Calvin, Alan and Harris, pp.50-65). This is so because the desire to acquire wealth does not have an end because there are limitless want. This may further leads to war as one tries to balance between limitless wants and the available resources. Additionally, unlimited wants may cause one to overstep the necessary boundaries (Boardman, Calvin, Alan and Harris, 70-98). The society will view the current American society as a state that is highly dominated by capitalism while still surrounded by communist world. Rand further indicates that the current constitution seems not to be functional whereby; she kept referring to the legislature (Boardman, Calvin, Alan and Harris, pp.110-159). The statement aims to promote justice and fairness to lower social economic groups in the American society. Justice in courts and all spheres of life should prevail. Whereby, just like in the past catholic the statement implies that one should do good to others in the same way one would like other to good unto you (Boardman, Calvin, Alan and Harris, 160-185). 32. Explain Rand’s statement: When Money Ceases to be the tool by which men deal with one another then, men become the tools of men. Blood whips and guns-or dollar, taken your choice-there is no other-and your time is running out’ The statement tries to explain that, for one to get money one must work for rather than obtaining it with force from other people. This means that one must use his/her efforts to work hard and earn money. In addition, one must create value or deliver service or a product to other to earn money in a most justifiable means (Boardman, Calvin, Alan and Harris,pp.180-204). The three ethical dilemmas include: in

International business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

International business environment - Essay Example This assignment aims at discussing the concept of political economy in the context of Ireland in 2004. The paper will firstly provide a brief overview of the concept of political economy followed by a brief overview of Ireland. Then a thorough analysis of the case of Ireland in 2004 will be made and the theory of political economy will be applied to the same. Globalization is the process of speedy yet steady change and integration of countries and the occurrences that happen with the use of foreign trade and a lot of foreign investments. Globalization can be expressed as newer opportunities and possibilities for action among people across the world. Here the location is not an issue and the social activities are not affected by the location of the individuals or the businesses. There have been a number of different definitions that have been provided for globalization, however none of these can be considered to be precise. However some of the definitions that have been provided by experts are discussed below. According to Stephen Gill, globalization is a method of reducing the costs in terms of transaction and Trans – border movements of, capital as well as goods and also the factors of production and goods (RobertC.Feenstra & Hanson, 1996). However Guy Brainbant (Aisbett, 2003) has described globalization to be a process which do es not only includes the world trade, but also includes a number of other factors like the development of advanced means of communication, financial markets becoming internationalized, higher and growing importance to multinational companies, higher mobility of people, population migration, and mobility of other factors like goods, capital, data and also ideas. With the rapidly increasing connections across the world and a number of new integrations worldwide, there has been a shift in the pattern of studying politics of economic relations

Carpooling apps marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Carpooling apps marketing plan - Essay Example The target market will be students as this is relevant for this course as these groups seeks to exploit cost minimization approach in their daily expenditure. Segmentation is equally exhibited by this app as various social classes share rides and donates differently with their comparatively average earners (Crawford, et al. 56). The positioning of this marketing plan is strategic and competitive since it works on the basis of cost saving to the commuters and offers a considerable discount on the overall recurrent expenditure on transport among the students. Consider strategic fit with host organization Carpooling apps is likely to gain much market coverage due to its integration of technology in the growing transport sector. With 511 and LYFT as the main products and San Francisco state university as the host organization, it is worth to note that the technological application by the firm is likely to be sustainable with its internal management structure. The external environment which can be attributed to the increasing adoption of technology by the young generation is a recipe to its sustainable operation performance in the market (Crawford, et al. 256).

Role of Social Media in Public Relation Development Essay - 2

Role of Social Media in Public Relation Development - Essay Example The growth of social networking sites and an increasing population of internet users around the globe have made a significant impact on PR sectors. Advanced Desktop Publishing (DTP) is one such development in this sector which has immensely helped in spreading information in an attractive manner without spending much time of reader’s (Sriramesh & Versis, n.d.). Advanced DTP is a tool which makes it possible to create newsletters, reports and even books with the help of a personal computer and proper software. The basic idea of DTP is to publish attractive and unambiguous documentation of particular information so that any user can be conversant of the article with ease. I strongly believe that it is an effective way of spreading information within a short period of time (Wang, n.d.). Correspondingly, the main advantages of adopting advanced DTP by any organization in its PR strategies can be illustrated as cost and efficiency. In my point of view, one of the potential advantag es of advanced DTP can be associated with a limited requirement of experts to perform the task. The use of advanced DTP can be performed by any individual having minimum knowledge of computer applications. Consequently, it saves significant cost by minimizing the need for assistance from professionals in involving information communication technology as a tool for PR (Wang, n.d.). Similarly, another benefit of advanced DTP can be attributed to the time factor. In this context, it can be postulated that instead of spending time on having a correction with the outside printer, with the use of advanced DTP the documents can be previewed resulting in minimized wastage of resources as well as time efficiency to communicate the intended message (Wang, n.d.). The new forms of media have undoubtedly turned out to be vital aspects for any organization in spreading messages or communicating with the general public through effective PR strategies. Apparently, as per my understanding, the relat ion between the PR industry and the news media is continually strengthening. The development of modern information and communication technology has changed many of the dynamics between PR and traditional way of communicating with publics (Larsson, 2009). I firmly admit that the development of information and communication technology has benefited the PR industry to a great extent. Development in sectors like a database, DTP, and e-mail technologies have provided ease to PR department by making the communication process much faster and more effective than the past. Apparently, PR, as an industry, has become much important than it was in the traditional era. Today, the increase in the media sector is generally seen through the PR industry. It can be said that a decade ago, the media was less dependent on the PR industry as there were only a few newspapers, television channels and few occasional magazines to be published. However, the condition today has dramatically changed over the y ears. Consequently, the need of PR has increased to a great extent where technology has become one of the many considerable factors that have significantly facilitated the PR industry to rapidly grow in the 21st century (Trotman Publishing, 2001). The knowledge of advanced DTP is considered as one of the most important aspects for a PR publisher.  

Absorption vs. Variable Costing Essay Example for Free

Absorption vs. Variable Costing Essay This case study will look at Jokkmok Industries and one of its managers, Mr. Rosen, who is bucking for a promotion to CEO. His division uses absorption costing and has the ability to produce 50,000 units a quarter with a fixed overhead amount of $600,000. While the sales forecast shows that the company will only sell 25,000 units during each of the next two quarters, Mr. Rosen wants to double his budgeted production for the second quarter from 25,000 to 50,000 units. We will look at Mr. Rosen’s decision and see how it affects his company’s bottom line by putting the figures from last quarter and the next quarter into an absorption income statement and a contribution margin statement. From this we will be able to see the differences in production costs from the two income statements. These figures will let us be able to assess if Mr. Rosen has improved his division’s performance by increasing production. We will also be able to tell if absorption costing is a viable option for management to use when making decisions like increasing production when sales are not forecasted to improve. We will also discuss a few shortcomings of the absorption approach and how it relates to management. And finally, we will see if Mr. Rosen’s decision would allow him to be considered for the CEO position. Absorption vs. Variable Costing (Contribution margin) â€Å"The main difference between variable costing and absorption costing is the accounting for fixed manufacturing costs.† (Horngren C. n.d.) This is never more evident than in this case study. Income statements prepared using these different methods usually produce different net operating income, and they will also produce different costs per unit sold. In order to completely fill out the income statements we will need to look at the 1st quarter’s income statement listed in Table 1. From the data in table 1 we will need more data to input into the absorption and contribution margin income statements. This additional data is displayed in Table 2. Now we will plug these numbers into both the absorption and contribution margin income statements shown in tables 3 and 4 below for both the 1st and 2nd quarters. Information for setting up these tables was obtained from the article â€Å"Income Comparison of Variable and Absorption Costing† from Accountingexplanation.com. One can notice right away that there are some major differences between the two income statements especially in the 2nd quarter’s net operating income. Under absorption the net operating income is $650,000 and Mr. Rosen would think that his bottom line is looking better and he could almost see himself in the corner office. But running the numbers using the variable costing method in the contribution income statement, the increase in production shows the same net operating income as the previous quarter which was $350,000. So how can the bottom line look so much better under absorption than contribution? The main reasons have to do with fixed manufacturing overhead and inventories. Fixed manufacturing overhead are things like rent, facilities expenses, salaries, and insurance that do not change over a given period of time. â€Å"Since fixed overhead costs do not change substantially, they are easy to predict, and so should rarely vary from the budgeted amount.† (Bragg 20 13) This is demonstrated in the cost per unit sold difference between the first and second quarters. First quarter’s was $72 while 2nd was $60. The reason is because fixed manufacturing costs are involved in the equation. In absorption you have to take the fixed manufacturing costs ($600,000) and divide by the total units manufactured (50,000) to get $12 per unit. Now you add that to the cost per unit manufactured on Table 1 ($48) to get a total of $60 per unit manufactured. When the company only produced 25,000 units the cost was $72 per unit. ((600,000/25,000) + $48 = $72). Now the excess fixed manufacturing costs are rolled into inventory for the next quarter. As shown in the less ending inventory in Table 3 ($1,500,000), because 25,000 units of the units manufactured were not sold. Contribution margin or variable costing does not break up the fixed manufacturing costs, instead it puts in the entire amount of $600,000 into the quarter and does not roll over the fixed costs into inventory. (As shown in the line fixed manufacturing overhead below the contribution margin.) Ho wever, in variable costing, $48 of manufacturing cost per unit is rolled over in the inventory. Because variable costing accounts for the fixed costs entirely it is the better option for knowing where your company stands. Besides the problems with absorption costing listed above, it considers fixed manufacturing overhead as product cost which shows a higher cost per unit than variable costing. As a result, it does not help management decide the selling price of a product. In the example above table 3 shows $72 and $60 per unit sold, while table 4, the variable cost per unit sold is $55. Also absorption costing can make the bottom line look better than it is by removing product costs from the income statement by producing inventory. This way managers, like Mr. Rosen, who are evaluated on the basis of operating income can temporarily improve profitability by increasing production. But there some that still think there are advantages to absorption costing. â€Å"Advocates of absorption costing argue that all manufacturing costs must be assigned to products in order to properly match the costs of producing units of product with the revenues from the units when they are sold.† (Accountingexplanation .com n.d.) But given the reasons stated above variable costing is still the way to keep the books for the decision makers. I would not recommend Mr. Rosen for the CEO position because he seems to have cooked the absorption books in his favor. By increasing his production he manipulated the fixed manufacturing costs to show them lower than they really are and thus showing a better net operating income. But the real costs are rapped up in inventory for the next quarter to worry about, like kicking the can down the road. There is something that Mr. Rosen could do, or might have been planning to do, to correct the inventory problem. He could plan on selling more units. What if market research shows that sales will increase by nearly 20% if Lokkmok drops prices by 5% to gain a competitive edge in the 3rd quarter? Look at Tables 5 and 6 below to show how dropping the prices and increasing sales to get rid of inventory would help the bottom line. Notice the difference between keeping the status quo of pricing and sales compared to the ‘what if’ third quarter numbers on both income statements. Now notice the difference of the bottom line between the absorption ‘what if’ 3rd quarter and the contribution margin income statement, the bottom  line suffers under absorption because sales are eating into the inventory, which is a good thing. But in reality the increase sales has increased revenue, eating away at inventory and actually helping the bottom line, as is the case on the contribution income statement which shows net operating income went up over 21%. Conclusion We have discussed the shortfalls of absorption costing, while showing the many benefits of variable costing and the contribution income statement. Whether it showing the correct net operating income for a company that increases production, or that selling more units, cutting into inventory, and increases revenue actually helps the bottom line, variable costing is correct tool for decision makers. Attached to the submitted Case assignment is the excel worksheet I used. I learned a lot about accounting and excel to complete this assignment. I had a fun time crunching the numbers to see how sales, fixed/variable costs, unit pricing and the like affect the income statement. Please feel free to open and change the yellow highlighted sections to see the outcomes. Please give me any feedback on the excel spreadsheet, for I was a broadcast journalism major 18 years ago and have not tinkered with spreadsheets too often. Thank you. References Horngren C. (n.d.) Chapter 9: Absorption/Variable Costing Retrieved from http://www.csus.edu/indiv/p/pforsichh/accountinginfo/121/documents/newCh09In-ClassProblemsHorngren13e-MYCOPY-X2.pdf Bragg, S (2013) What is fixed overhead?, AccountingTools. Retrieved from http://www.accountingtools.com/questions-and-answers/what-is-fixed-overhead.html Accountingexplanation.com. (n.d.). Advantages, Disadvantages, and Limitations of Variable Costing Systems. Retrieved from http://www.accountingexplanation.com/advantages_disadvantages_limitations_of_

Case Study Social Media Marketing In Pakistan Marketing Essay

Case Study Social Media Marketing In Pakistan Marketing Essay The social web is same as the word explains it Social. In short, Social Media  is a medium for  social interaction, using highly reachable communication techniques. Social Media and Social Media Networking are the most important technologies that have been altering the face of the Internet. The Internet as we know it has grown-up so much in the past few years; sometimes its difficult to believe. Social Media and Pakistan: For the previous few years People of Pakistan have started expressing their views and opinions through Twitter, Facebook, Orkut, Google Buzz, blogging, and so on. Now a common Pakistani internet user is more aware of environment than he was ever before. In short the social media have immeasurably educated the common Pakistani. Social Media for Businesses: Online advertising is not somewhat new. Google, Yahoo, and MSN have ruled the internet when it comes to internet advertising platforms. Over the last 5 years websites like Facebook, twitter, linkedin have continued to grow in reputation and popularity, creating amplified opportunities for businesses to market online and reach millions of consumers. Organizations in Pakistan have been promoting their products, services and brands using social media but still the industry has to crop up to not worth it. There is digit of brands that used social media not only as a marketing tool but also as a better customer service solution but still the results of such marketing tools in Pakistan are yet to realize. Though, our neighboring country India and many other countries has been using these social media websites as a marketing tool and getting better outputs from their social media campaigns. Social Media Marketing: Social media in Pakistan is shaping up which could be used as a cheap medium of marketing and customer service. Brands in Pakistan are investing hell of amount in television ads, radio and news paper ads, but most of our brands and organizations are not aware of the possibilities of social media marketing. Social media can boost up their sales and can build goodwill with less cost. Only businesses are not neglecting the possibilities of social media, educational sector is also doing the same thing. There is not even a single institute in Pakistan who is offering a short term or long term course on Internet Marketing. Even there should be a course on internet marketing for marketing graduates. They should be taught how to run internet marketing campaigns rather just telling them what marketing actually is and how to trap a customer by wasting hell of amount on TVCs and radio ads. Our marketing graduates do know how to design a TVC or how to bring creativity in radio ads but they dont know how to run an internet marketing campaign. Another issue arising now a days while hiring social media executives and that issue is who should run internet marketing campaigns Who are more competent in running these campaigns? Either, Business graduates or computer sciences graduates? I think social media has all the beauty in its two way communication model. Its all about collecting feedback from customer and creating awareness. A company which is operating their social media must listen to the complaints. This is an open platform for the customers to say anything they want. So companies must not make this media as one way communication models. And I strongly believe that there must be a course of Internet marketing for all marketing grads. [M. Sajjad, Social Media Executive] Have you ever wondered  how mega-corporations manage their social media initiatives? Almost hundreds of mega corporations running their social media campaigns on social networks. Intel International: If we take Intel as an example, Ekaterina has been a part of Intels Social Media Center of Excellence, She is managing Intels Facebook fan page. In an interview with Michael Stelzner Ekaterina told that Intel created their Facebook page for folks to talk about technology and, of course, Intel products. In the beginning the growth of Intel popularity on Facebook was 3% to 4% but after more attention and attractive contents it goes up to 10% to 12% monthly growth. According to Ekaterina 20 or 30 years ago, they have been talking to folks in computer clubs about the products of Intel but now with the advancement of internet they can communicate with thousands of customers from one place. Jet Blue: JetBlue was one of the first mega brands to join Twitter and started communication with their customers. Today, Jetblue has over a million followers, and its account is often cited as an example of smart corporate tweeting. Through informal employee/customer interactions via Twitter, they hoped to humanize their entire organization Some people were asking for help, and others were saying things that werent correct, recalls JetBlues manager of corporate communications, Morgan Johnston. Coca-Cola: Coca-cola international is also the one who used social media as a branding tool to create positive brand image in the mind of the customers. Coca-cola international is also the one who used social media as a branding tool to create positive brand image in the mind of the customers. Cocacola in the year 2009 got the name as the brand making the best use of Facebook by The Big Money for running a best campaign on Facebook known as Expedition 206. Michael Donnelly, who is Group Director of Worldwide Interactive Marketing for Coca-Cola told in a report that their My Coke Rewards program was a biggest hit and it was a drive to create emotional loyalty in the mind of the customers. Zong Pakistan: Now if we talk about social media marketing in Pakistan there are limited numbers of brands using social media as a tool to interact with customers. Zong Pakistan recently came up with a new product M9. They created a facebook fan page and interacted with the customers, gifted them scratch cards, Ipods and different other gifts. M9 on facebook went a massive hit, with in just 3 days they got more than 20,000 facebook Fans and more than 2000 users interacting with them on facebook fan page. With Less investment in social Media Zong created enough awareness. Got the views of customers about their favorite mobile packages and what type of packages users wants? Intel Pakistan: After a huge success of Intel International facebook fan page, Intel also adopted their social media marketing strategy in Pakistan. Intel Pakistan Brought a platform where users can share, discuss and easily get first hand information about the latest technology developments and know whats happening in the world of Intel Pakistan. In a short period of time Intel Pakistan got more than 40,000 facebook fans who interacts with the Intels management so easily that was never before. The Use of Social Media In Pakistan I asked many questions from the participants from all over the Pakistan about social media in Pakistan and its usage. Use of Social Media (Usage of social media websites) I began with simply asking the participants if they use social media in there daily life? In response to this question participants replied that they do use different social media websites in daily life and Facebook is famous in all of them. 99% of the participants use facebook and they have profiles on Facebook. Where as twitter stood at second place in this question with 48% respondents. People aged 18-25 are more likely to use Facebook and Twitter where as people with the age 25-35 are more likely to use LinkedIn and Twitter. 27% Professionals, Graduates and Postgraduate students are addictive to social media websites as most of respondents were professionals and students. There were 75% males who answered my questions which show more males are using social media websites than females. Time a person spends on social media websites (Time Per Session)(Login Duration) In Answer to my question which was asked to judge the time a person spends on Social media websites per session 61% respondents said they spend more than 30 minutes in social media websites per session means their 1 session is more than half an hour. If I estimate total time a person spends on his/her favorite social media website in 1 day it would an average time of 3-4 Hours in a day. Male professionals are likely to spend more time on social websites in comparison to female professionals. Ad Views (Did you notice any ads?) (Clicks on Ads) 72% of the social media website users notice ads that are being displayed on these websites. Where as 28% respondents do not consider or notice such advertisements on social media websites. Significantly 42% of the respondents click on ads most of the time and 38% clicks occasionally. 42% of respondents who clicks these ads regularly are mostly the youth. Advertisements: (Ads that are liked the most) (Organizations working Social media marketing) People like images and text ads the most on social media websites this is clear messages to our future social marketing advertisers this could help them to understand what type of ads they should design. There are 60% organizations in Pakistan who dont have any dedicated department or person who is working on social media websites to promote their business where are 40% respondents said their organizations are working on social media marketing. Where People Want to Advertise On (Where you would like to advertise as an advertiser?) When I asked respondents this question if they are a marketing manager of an organization and they are required to run a campaign on social media then what social media theyd prefer to market their products? And 96% respondents were in the favor of Facebook. 45% professionals said they would prefer Facebook and Twitter for marketing of their products. Where as 30% of Graduates said they would either prefer Linkedin and Facebook. In short, most of the people want to market their products in social media sites and they want to learn how to use the social media tools available.